Results for 'Hugh Handley Bird'

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  1. Contraception and Sterilization.Hugh Handley Bird & William Sinclair - 1979 - In Charles Gordon Scorer & Antony John Wing, Decision making in medicine: the practice of its ethics. London: E. Arnold.
     
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  2. (1 other version)Ethical consumerism: The case of "fairly–traded" coffee.Kate Bird & David R. Hughes - 1997 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 6 (3):159–167.
    Consumer concern for “ethical products”, or ethical aspects of the goods which they purchase, is a subject of increasing interest and research,which is here illustrated by an examination of the Fair Trade movement, with special reference to coffee as an indicative commodity. Kate Bird, is currently Lecturer in the Development Administration Group, School of Public Policy, Birmingham University, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, having previously worked abroad and written her MSc dissertation at Wye College on fair trade in coffee products. (...)
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  3.  13
    Virtues and novels - (r.) Bird sophrosune in the greek novel. Reading reactions to desire. Pp. VI + 235. London and new York: Bloomsbury academic, 2021. Cased, £85, us$115. Isbn: 978-1-350-10864-6. [REVIEW]Hugh J. Mason - 2021 - The Classical Review 71 (2):346-348.
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    The Epigrams of Philodemos.Barbara Hughes Fowler - 1999 - American Journal of Philology 120 (2):311-313.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:The Epigrams of PhilodemosBarbara Hughes FowlerDavid Sider, ed. The Epigrams of Philodemos. With introduction and commentary. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. vi 1 259 pp. Cloth, $65.David Sider’s edition of Philodemos’ epigrams is exemplary. It includes a preface stating the reason for such a production; an introduction which treats the life of Philodemos, his connections with Piso and the Epicureans on the Bay of Naples, (...)
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  5. (1 other version)Understanding the replication crisis as a base rate fallacy.Alexander Bird - 2018 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science:000-000.
  6.  12
    On a feature of galactic radio emission.Hugh M. Johnson - 1959 - Philosophical Magazine 4 (43):877-877.
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  7. I—Fundamental Powers, Evolved Powers, and Mental Powers.Alexander Bird - 2018 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 92 (1):247-275.
    Powers have in recent years become a central component of many philosophers’ ontology of properties. While I have argued that powers exist at the fundamental level of properties, many other theorists of powers hold that there are also non-fundamental powers. In this paper I articulate my reasons for being sceptical about the existing reasons for holding that there are non-fundamental powers. However, I also want to promote a different argument for the existence of a certain class of non-fundamental powers: properties (...)
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  8. The value-free ideal in codes of conduct for research integrity.Jacopo Ambrosj, Hugh Desmond & Kris Dierickx - 2023 - Synthese 202 (5):1-23.
    While the debate on values in science focuses on normative questions on the level of the individual (e.g. should researchers try to make their work as value free as possible?), comparatively little attention has been paid to the institutional and professional norms that researchers are expected to follow. To address this knowledge gap, we conduct a content analysis of leading national codes of conduct for research integrity of European countries, and structure our analysis around the question: do these documents allow (...)
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  9. (1 other version)The Generalized Selective Environment.Hugh Desmond - 2023 - In Agathe du Crest, Martina Valković, André Ariew, Hugh Desmond, Philippe Huneman & Thomas A. C. Reydon, Evolutionary Thinking Across Disciplines: Problems and Perspectives in Generalized Darwinism. Springer Verlag. pp. 2147483647-2147483647.
    As the principle of natural selection is generalized to explain (adaptive) patterns of human behavior, it becomes less clear what the selective environment empirically refers to. While the environment and individual are relatively separable in the non-human biological context, they are highly entangled in the context of moral, social, and institutional evolution. This chapter brings attention to the problem of generalizing the selective environment, and argues that it is ontologically disunified and definable only through its explanatory function. What unifies the (...)
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  10.  34
    Clitophon’s Challenge: Dialectic in Plato's Meno, Phaedo, and Republic.Hugh H. Benson - 2015 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press USA.
    Hugh H. Benson explores Plato's answer to Clitophon's challenge, the question of how one can acquire the knowledge Socrates argues is essential to human flourishing-knowledge we all seem to lack. Plato suggests two methods by which this knowledge may be gained: the first is learning from those who already have the knowledge one seeks, and the second is discovering the knowledge one seeks on one's own. The book begins with a brief look at some of the Socratic dialogues where (...)
  11.  17
    The Classical Ideal of Male Beauty in Renaissance Italy: A Note on the Afterlife of Virgil's Euryalus.Hugh Hudson - 2013 - Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 76 (1):263-268.
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    Personal identity.Hugh Upton - 2005 - Nursing Philosophy 6 (1):77-79.
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    Queer arithmetics.Hugh Lehman - 1970 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 48 (1):31-43.
  14. The selectionist rationale for evolutionary progress.Hugh Desmond - 2021 - Biology and Philosophy 36 (3):1-26.
    The dominant view today on evolutionary progress is that it has been thoroughly debunked. Even value-neutral progress concepts are seen to lack important theoretical underpinnings: natural selection provides no rationale for progress, and natural selection need not even be invoked to explain large-scale evolutionary trends. In this paper I challenge this view by analysing how natural selection acts in heterogeneous environments. This not only undermines key debunking arguments, but also provides a selectionist rationale for a pattern of “evolutionary unfolding”, where (...)
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  15. The integrated information theory of agency.Hugh Desmond & Philippe Huneman - 2022 - Brain and Behavioral Sciences 45:e45.
    We propose that measures of information integration can be more straightforwardly interpreted as measures of agency rather than of consciousness. This may be useful to the goals of consciousness research, given how agency and consciousness are “duals” in many (although not all) respects.
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  16.  60
    When normal is normative: The ethical significance of conforming to reasonable expectations.Hugh Breakey - 2022 - Philosophical Studies 179 (9):2797-2821.
    People give surprising weight to others’ expectations about their behaviour. I argue the practice of conforming to others’ expectations is ethically well-grounded. A special class of ‘reasonable expectations’ can create prima facie obligations even in cases where the expectations arise from contingent pre-existing practices, and the duty-bearer has not created them, or directly benefited from them. The obligation arises because of the substantial goods that follow from such conformity—goods capable of being endorsed from many different ethical perspectives and implicating key (...)
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  17. Precision Medicine, Data, and the Anthropology of Social Status.Hugh Desmond - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (4):80-83.
    The success of precision medicine depends on obtaining large amounts of information about at-risk populations. However, getting consent is often difficult. Why? In this commentary I point to the differentials in social status involved. These differentials are inevitable once personal information is surrendered, but are particularly intense when the studied populations are socioeconomically or socioculturally disadvantaged and/or ethnically stigmatized groups. I suggest how the deep distrust of the latter groups can be partially justified as a lack of confidence that their (...)
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  18. Plato’s method of dialectic.Hugh Benson - 2006 - In Hugh H. Benson, A Companion to Plato. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 85–99.
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  19. Resolution in 60 Seconds.Hugh Burns - 2009 - Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy 14 (1):n1.
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  20. Trust and professionalism in science: medical codes as a model for scientific negligence?Hugh Desmond & Kris Dierickx - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-11.
    Background Professional communities such as the medical community are acutely concerned with negligence: the category of misconduct where a professional does not live up to the standards expected of a professional of similar qualifications. Since science is currently strengthening its structures of self-regulation in parallel to the professions, this raises the question to what extent the scientific community is concerned with negligence, and if not, whether it should be. By means of comparative analysis of medical and scientific codes of conduct, (...)
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  21.  20
    Constraints Upon Acceptable Theories: Chomsky's Analogy Between Language Acquisition and Theory Formation.Hugh Lacey - 2017 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 65 (2):166-178.
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  22.  38
    The logic sense: exploring the role of executive functioning in belief and logic-based judgments.Stephanie Howarth, Simon Handley & Clare Walsh - 2018 - Thinking and Reasoning 25 (4):416-448.
    The Default Interventionist account suggests that by default, we often generate belief-based responses when reasoning and find it difficult to draw the logical inference. Recent research, h...
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  23.  23
    Cultivating Responsible Plant Breeding Strategies: Conceptual and Normative Commitments in Data-Intensive Agriculture.Hugh F. Williamson & Sabina Leonelli - 2022 - In Hugh F. Williamson & Sabina Leonelli, Towards Responsible Plant Data Linkage: Data Challenges for Agricultural Research and Development. Springer Verlag. pp. 301-317.
    This chapter argues for the importance of considering conceptual and normative commitments when addressing questions of responsible practice in data-intensive agricultural research and development. We consider genetic gain-focused plant breeding strategies that envision a data-intensive mode of breeding in which genomic, environmental and socio-economic data are mobilised for rapid crop variety development. Focusing on socio-economic data linkage, we examine methods of product profiling and how they accommodate gendered dimensions of breeding in the field. Through a comparison with participatory breeding methods, (...)
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  24.  51
    Tax Avoidance as a Sustainability Problem.Robert Bird & Karie Davis-Nozemack - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 151 (4):1009-1025.
    This manuscript proposes that tax avoidance can be better understood and mitigated as a sustainability problem. Tax avoidance is not just a financial problem for tax authorities, but one that erodes critical common spaces necessary for the smooth functioning of regulatory compliance, organizational integrity, and society. Defining tax avoidance as a sustainability problem offers a broader and more holistic understanding of the organizational and societal consequences of tax avoidance behavior. Sustainability is also a mature and legitimized concept that can readily (...)
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  25. Adapting to Environmental Heterogeneity: Selection and Radiation.Hugh Desmond - 2021 - Biological Theory 17 (1):80-93.
    Environmental heterogeneity is invoked as a key explanatory factor in the adaptive evolution of a surprisingly wide range of phenomena. This article aims to analyze this explanatory scheme of categorizing traits or properties as adaptations to environmental heterogeneity. First it is suggested that this scheme can be understood as a reaction to how heterogeneity adaptations were discounted or ignored in the modern synthesis. Then a positive account is proposed, distinguishing between two broad categories of adaptation to environmental heterogeneity: properties selected (...)
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  26. The Varieties of Darwinism: Explanation, Logic, and Worldview.Hugh Desmond, André Ariew, Philippe Huneman & Thomas A. C. Reydon - manuscript
    Ever since its inception, the theory of evolution has been reified into an “-ism”: Darwinism. While biologists today tend to shy away from the term in their research, the term is still actively used in the broader academic and societal contexts. What exactly is Darwinism, and how precisely are its various uses and abuses related to the scientific theory of evolution? Some call for limiting the meaning of the term “Darwinism” to its scientific context; others call for its abolition; yet (...)
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  27. Scarre on Evil Pleasures.Hugh Upton - 2000 - Utilitas 12 (1):97.
    Utilitarianism faces a difficulty in that what are typically regarded as natural goods seem to have possible occurrences that strike most people as morally reprehensible, yet which according to the theory must be taken to add to the good in the world. Thus, totake a recent treatment of the problem by Geoffrey Scarre, it would seem that even sadistic pleasures must contribute to human happiness and thus morally offset the concomitant suffering of the victim. Scarre has offered a defence of (...)
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  28.  9
    Didascalicon de studio legendi =.Hugh - 2011 - Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. Edited by Carmen Muñoz Gamero, María Luisa Arribas & Hugh.
    El «Didascalicon» es una obra de capital importancia dentro de la literatura de carácter pedagógico surgida en la Edad Media. El autor, que redactó su obra en 1130, selecciona y define todas las áreas de conocimiento vigentes en su época, demostrando que no solo están totalmente integradas entre ellas, sino que resultan necesarias para el logro de la perfección tanto en lo referente a la vida terrenal como en lo tocante a la eterna. Dividida en seis libros, presenta una clasificación (...)
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  29.  94
    Sign and Value in Saussure.Hugh Bredin - 1984 - Philosophy 59 (227):67 - 77.
    The most important, or at least the most central, part of Ferdinand de Saussure's Course in General Linguistics is found in the first six chaptersof Part Two. Here, Saussure formulates one of the basic principles of Structuralism. Yet the text is in some ways oddly impenetrable. It is dear enough on a quick reading, but closer attention discovers doubtful meanings, ambiguity, the beginnings even of contradictions. These defects may, of course, be inevitable in a reconstructed text. Or they may testify (...)
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  30.  37
    The Creeper Scene in Walker Percy's The Second Coming.Werning David Hugh - 2002 - Renascence 54 (4):247-257.
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  31.  18
    Berkeley’s Suitcase.Hugh Hunter - 2016 - Philosophy Now 117:6-9.
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  32. Politiche della natura e fenomenologia.Hugh Miller - 2003 - Ágalma: Rivista di studi culturali e di estetica 4.
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  33.  33
    Dispositions, Causes and Propensities in Science, special monographic issue of.M. Suárez & A. Bird - 2004 - Theoria 51.
  34.  23
    (1 other version)Reshaping the review of consent so we might improve participant choice.Hugh Davies - 2021 - Sage Publications Ltd: Research Ethics 18 (1):3-12.
    Research Ethics, Volume 18, Issue 1, Page 3-12, January 2022. Consent is one necessary foundation for ethical research and it’s one of the research ethics committee’s major roles to ensure that the consent process meets acceptable standards. Although on Oxford ‘A’ REC we’ve been impressed by the thought and work put into this aspect of research ethics, we’ve continued to have concerns about the suitability and effectiveness of consent processes in supporting decision making, particularly for clinical trials. There’s poor understanding (...)
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  35. Large cardinals at the brink.W. Hugh Woodin - 2024 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 175 (1):103328.
  36.  12
    (1 other version)Intuition, Foundationalism and Explanation – a Response to Mounce.A. Knott Hugh - 2016 - Philosophical Investigations 39 (4).
    Wittgenstein's scant remarks on the roots of language in instinctive behaviour have been both difficult to interpret and controversial, not least because they may seem to incline towards forms of explanation that elsewhere he eschewed. Nevertheless, they are of importance in philosophy, not least because they bear upon age-old questions of foundationalism and concept-formation. In a recent Discussion Note in this journal, H. O. Mounce is not only attracted by but also champions such explanation – though he finds Wittgenstein's own (...)
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  37.  21
    On Reinstating “Part I” and “Part II” to Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations – A Supplementary Note.Hugh A. Knott - 2020 - Philosophical Investigations 43 (4):382-390.
    Philosophical Investigations, EarlyView.
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  38.  12
    Os vários tipos de objetos que são os objetos tecnocientíficos.Hugh Lacey - 2020 - Filosofia Unisinos 21 (1).
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  39. Pornography, Speech Acts, and Silence.Hugh LaFollette (ed.) - 1997 - Blackwell.
  40.  17
    Teorias sobre a ética.Hugh Lafollette - 2004 - Critica 12.
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  41. Engineering Trustworthiness in the Online Environment.Hugh Desmond - 2023 - In David Collins, Iris Vidmar Jovanović, Mark Alfano & Hale Demir-Doğuoğlu, The Moral Psychology of Trust. Lexington Books. pp. 215-237.
    Algorithm engineering is sometimes portrayed as a new 21st century return of manipulative social engineering. Yet algorithms are necessary tools for individuals to navigate online platforms. Algorithms are like a sensory apparatus through which we perceive online platforms: this is also why individuals can be subtly but pervasively manipulated by biased algorithms. How can we better understand the nature of algorithm engineering and its proper function? In this chapter I argue that algorithm engineering can be best conceptualized as a type (...)
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  42. Future Human Success: Beyond Techno-Libertarianism.Hugh Desmond - 2023 - In Hugh Desmond & Grant Ramsey, Human Success: Evolutionary Origins and Ethical Implications. New York, US: OUP Usa.
    In one vision of human success, future human evolution lies in enhancing our bodies and especially our minds in order to achieve new levels of cooperation, morality, and well-being. In unadulterated form, this vision combines a pessimism in the human evolutionary heritage with an optimism in what technological enhancement can offer. This chapter points to a crucial blind spot: the role the social and cultural environment has played and continues to play in human evolution. In particular, the chapter emphasizes how (...)
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  43.  41
    The Tyranny of Freedom.Hugh E. Harkins - 1928 - Modern Schoolman 4 (6):89-91.
    In the text book treatise on certitude, there usually appears a line in definition of "certitude mere subjectiva," which is, for practical purposes, one of the most important in the book. As an example of what thought and imagination can do to enlarge upon and embelish the outline of class instruction and to ground philosophy deeper in the mind, Mr. Harkins presents this paper, an admirable development of the few short words of the definition which we are so prone to (...)
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  44. Rhetorical Antinomies and Radical Othering: Recent Reflections on Responses to an Old Paper Concerning Human-Animal Relations in Amazonia.Stephen Hugh-Jones - 2020 - In Geoffrey E. R. Lloyd & Aparecida Vilaça, Science in the forest, science in the past. Chicago: HAU Books.
     
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  45. The Manifold Challenges to Understanding Human Success.Hugh Desmond & Grant Ramsey - 2023 - In Hugh Desmond & Grant Ramsey, Human Success: Evolutionary Origins and Ethical Implications. New York, US: OUP Usa.
    Claims that our species is an “evolutionary success” typically do not feature prominently in academic articles. However, they do seem to be a recurring trope in science popularization. Why do we seem to be attracted to viewing human evolution through the lense of “success”? In this chapter we discuss how evolutionary success has both causal-descriptive and ethical-normative components, and how its ethical status is ambiguous, with possible hints of anthropocentrism. We also place the concept of “success” in a wider context (...)
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  46. De Mythe van het Tanende Vertrouwen.Hugh Desmond - 2022 - Streven 2022 (December):28-36.
    De indruk overheerst dat het vertrouwen in instellingen tanende is. Toch wordt deze indruk niet altijd ondersteund door bevragingen en statistieken. Als die indruk een mythe is, dan is de echte vraag: waarom worden we dan tot deze mythe aangetrokken? In dit essay wil ik ons verlangen naar vertrouwen plaatsen in een cultuur en in een denkkader waarin vrijheid en zelfbeschikking blijven primeren, en kijken naar hoe er vandaag theoretisch wordt nagedacht over vertrouwen en publiek beleid. Het valt te betwijfelen (...)
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  47. Weerbarstige Ervaringen bij Niet-Biologisch Ouderschap.Hugh Desmond - 2020 - Podium Voor Bioethiek 27 (2):15-17.
    Dankzij nieuwe reproductieve technologieën worden de keuzemogelijkheden van wensouders steeds vergroot. Echter, bij deze toegenomen maakbaarheid stuiten we ook op een onvermogen om onze ervaringen aan te passen aan het veranderende culturele en morele landschap, vooral met betrekking tot de waarde van de genetische connectie. In deze bijdrage wil ik stilstaan bij zulke ‘weerbarstige ervaringen’ en de implicaties ervan voor het beleid en de ethiek van ouderschap.
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  48. In Service to Others: A New Evolutionary Perspective on Human Enhancement.Hugh Desmond - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (6):33-43.
    In enhancement ethics, evolutionary theory has been largely perceived as supporting liberal views on enhancement, where decisions to enhance are predominantly regulated by the principle of individual autonomy. In this paper I critique this perception in light of recent scientific developments. Cultural evolutionary theory suggests a picture where individual interests are entangled with community interests, and this undermines the applicability of the principle of autonomy. This is particularly relevant for enhancement ethics, given how – I argue – decisions to enhance (...)
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  49.  42
    The Role of Precontractual Signals in Creating Sustainable Global Supply Chains.Robert C. Bird & Vivek Soundararajan - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 164 (1):81-94.
    Global supply chains enhance value, but are subject to governance problems and encourage evasive practices that deter sustainability, especially in developing countries. This article proposes that the precontractual environment, where parties are interested in trade but have not yet negotiated formal terms, can enable a unique process for building long-term sustainable relations. We argue that precontractual signals based on relation-specific investments, promises of repeated exchange, and reassuring cheap talk can be leveraged in precontract by the power of framing. We show (...)
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  50. Specifying the nature of substance in Aristotle and in indian philosophy.Hugh R. Nicholson - 2004 - Philosophy East and West 54 (4):533-553.
    : Aristotle struggles with two basic tensions in his understanding of reality or substance that have parallels in Indian metaphysical speculation. The first of these tensions, between the understanding of reality as the underlying substrate (to hupokeimenon) and as the individual "this" (tode ti), finds a parallel in the concept of dravya in Patañjali's Mahābhāsa. The second tension, between the understanding of reality as the individual this and as the intelligible essence of the individual this (to ti ēn einai), corresponds (...)
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